ENd of Napoleonic Wars
After Napoleon's failure attempt to conquer the Europe in order to create one big nation, Europe was left devastated and destroyed. His failure in Russia destroyed his army. In order to conquer Russia he gathered an army of 600 000 men, and returned only with 30 000. It's believed, that the winter of 1812 in Russia was one of the coldest winters ever. Russia was not fully industrialized at that time, so it was decided to use scorched earth policy. People burned everything, their villages, cities and left nothing behind for Napoleon to exist on. When Napoleon got to Moscow, people of Moscow set city on fire.
6 500 out of 9 000 houses were burned down, most churches and cathedrals were destroyed. Discipline of Napoleon's army was destroyed, winter was coming. Napoleon decided to move out leaving city in ruins with 110 000 soldiers. Hunger played major role, soldiers starved. When Napoleon got to Europe only 30 000 soldiers returned. |
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COngress of viena
After defeat of Napoleon in Russia, it was decided to bring delegates from European countries together, in order to negotiate terms and conditions of future Europe. Europe needed a solution in order to hold revolutions and settle peace along territory.
Participants: Place: Time: Goals:
-Great Britain Vienna 1814-1815 1. Diplomatic Solution on countries borders
-Russia 2. Preservation of Balance within European Nations
-Austria 3. The Future of France - no punishment for France.
-Prussia 4. Balance of Powers
-France
-Portugal
Participants: Place: Time: Goals:
-Great Britain Vienna 1814-1815 1. Diplomatic Solution on countries borders
-Russia 2. Preservation of Balance within European Nations
-Austria 3. The Future of France - no punishment for France.
-Prussia 4. Balance of Powers
-France
-Portugal
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Quadruple Alliance
Treaty forming Quadruple Alliance was signed on November 20, 1815. The treaty was signed between United Kingdom, Austria, Prussia and Russia.
The goal was to hold French aggression and enforce peace settlement based of ideas of Klemens von Metternich. Which were based on conservatives ideas of absolutism.
The goal was to hold French aggression and enforce peace settlement based of ideas of Klemens von Metternich. Which were based on conservatives ideas of absolutism.
Klemens von Metternich
"I have come into the world either too soon or too late. I am spending my life propping up moldering buildings. I should have been born in 1900 and had the twentieth century before me."
- KLEMENS VON METTERNICH Klemnes von Metternich played big role in European history in 19 century. Because of his conservative ideas toward the reconstruction of Europe after Napoleonic Wars, he, through Concert of Europe was able to achieve Balance of Powers during congress of Vienna in Europe. Opposed democracy and nationalism all his life. He is known as coach-man of Europe. It's still believed that he was the one, who kept Europe in peace for a long period of time. Metternich was very conservative man. In his opinion the only was to keep balance of powers was following conservative ideas such as 1. Stability within state 2. Stability between states. Stability within state - Could only be obtained by:
Tradition: only traditions preserve the true state. Institutions: Churches, cathedrals. Aristocracy: Holds power over people, no popular government and no democracy. Stability between states - The Great Powers would work together to maintain existing national boundaries and prevent revolutions.
Collective Security: Informal precedent for the formal European associations of 20th century such as League of Nations. |